Fig.2 Western blotting for MAPK・AMPK・mTOR signaling pathways and cell cycle proteins showing the dose-dependent change.

Proteins extracted from Ishikawa cells that had been exposed to metformin（1-20 mM）for 24 h were subjected to western blotting for the analysis of cyclin D1 expression and the evaluation of AMPK, S6K1, ERK1/2, and Rb phosphorylation.