Fig. 2 Graphs showing outcomes at each assessment. CBT: cognitive behavioral therapy; VAS: Visual analog scale; OASES: Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering; LSAS: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; SPIN: Social Phobia Inventory; SFNE: Short Fear of Negative Evaluation scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; EQ-5D-5L: EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level. This is the result of the mean ± standard deviation of the intervention group ( CBT group) and control group ( control group) at the baseline ( pre) , intermediate evaluation (intermediate) , and final evaluation ( post) of the primary and secondary evaluations. CBT group is a red straight line, control group is a black dashed line, ● ▲ is the mean value, and shadows are ± standard deviation.